How to delete cookies

 

Windows PC

Google Chrome

Click on the "Tools" menu and select "Options".
Click the "Under the Bonnet" tab, locate the "Privacy" section and click the "Clear browsing data" button.
Select "Delete cookies and other site data" to delete all cookies from the list (alternatively, you can remove all cookies created within a specific time period by selecting the period you want from the dropdown list).
Select "Clear browsing history" to delete traces of which websites you've visited.
Select "Clear download history" to delete records of which files and programs you've downloaded.
Select "Empty the cache" to delete cached website pages.
You can also delete saved passwords (which log you into websites) and saved form data (such as your name and address).
Then click on the "Clear browsing data" button.
Click on the Close button when you've finished.

Internet Explorer 9

Open Internet explorer window
Click the “Tools” button
Point to “safety” and then click “delete browsing history”
Tick the “cookies” box, then click “delete”

Internet Explorer 8

Click "Safety" on the Command bar
Select "Delete Browsing History"
Select the option for cookies and click Delete Alternatively, Internet Explorer 8's new InPrivate browsing feature allows users to browse the internet without recording information from visited sites (including cookies). To use InPrivate mode:
Click "Safety" on the Command bar
Select "InPrivate Browsing"

Internet Explorer 7.x

Exit Internet Explorer 7, and then exit any instances of Windows Explorer
Click Start, click Run, type inetcpl.cpl, and then press ENTER
On the General tab, click Delete under Browsing History in the Internet Properties dialog box
In the Delete Browsing History dialog box, click Delete Cookies
In the Delete Cookies dialog box, click Yes.

Internet Explorer (all other versions)

Internet Explorer saves cookies in more than one location, depending on the version of the browser and the version of Microsoft Windows being used.
The best way to find and delete them is to close Internet Explorer then use your file management software (such as Windows Explorer) and search for a folder called 'cookies'.

AOL 8 and 9

Sign on and select Settings from the toolbar.
Version 9.0 users should select the By Category tab and click the Internet [Web] Options link, while for Version 8.0 and below click Internet Properties (WWW).
Click Settings.
Note: Windows Vista will see more than one Settings button. Click the button in the Browsing history section.
Click View Files. Your list of cookies (plus your other temporary internet files) will be displayed.
If you wish to delete any of the cookies or files, right-click on them and choose Delete.

Mozilla

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Mozilla Firebird

Click on Tools, then Options
Select the Privacy icon in the left-hand panel
Click on Cookies
Click on Stored Cookies
To remove a single cookie click on the entry in the list and click on the Remove Cookie button
To remove all cookies click on the Remove All Cookies button

Mozilla Firefox

Click on Tools, then Options (or Edit | Preferences on Linux)
Select Privacy
In the Cookies panel, click on Show Cookies
To remove a single cookie click on the entry in the list and click on the Remove Cookie button
To remove all cookies click on the Remove All Cookies button

Netscape Navigator 7.x

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Netscape Navigator 6.x

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Netscape Navigator 4.x

In Netscape, all cookies are stored into one file, called Cookies.txt, in the user preferences folder, making them easy to find and delete. The folder can be located by using your file management software to search your hard disk drive for "cookies.txt".
Users of Netscape Navigator 4.x may also stop cookies from being written to the hard drive, by making the cookies file read only. However, even if the browser can't "write" cookies to the hard drive, it can still cache them, and it may create a new cookie file.

Opera

To delete all cookies at the end of every session, select it in the privacy settings under Tools > Preferences.
Click on Manage cookies to delete specific cookies or cookies from specific domains.
To delete all cookies immediately, go to Delete private data on the Tools menu.

Deepnet Explorer 1.1+

Choose Tools and then Internet Options
Click the Privacy tab
Move the slider to choose your preferred settings.

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Apple Macintosh

Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 (MacOS X)

Choose Preferences from Explorer menu
Select Receiving Files options
Select Cookies
Select the Cookies to be deleted from the list
Press Delete button

Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 (MacOS 9)

Choose Preferences from Edit menu
Select Receiving Files options
Select Cookies
Select the Cookies to be deleted from the list
Press Delete button

Mozilla

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Netscape Navigator 7.x

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Netscape Navigator 6.x

Choose Cookie Manager from the Tools menu.
Choose Manage Stored Cookies.
Remove any cookie from the list, or remove all cookies.

Safari 1.0 (MacOS X)

Choose Preferences from Safari menu
Select Security icon
Press Show Cookies button
Select the Cookies to be deleted from the list
Press Delete button

Opera

To delete all cookies at the end of every session, select it in the privacy settings under Opera > Preferences
Click on Manage cookies to delete specific cookies or cookies from specific domains.
To delete all cookies immediately, go to Delete private data on the Tools menu.

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Other

WebTV

From the Home page, select Help
Select Utilities Tool
Select Reset Cookies
Power off the WebTV for 60 seconds
Cookies should be deleted when you turn the WebTV back on again

MSNTV2

From the Home page, select Settings
Select Web Appearance and Security
Select Delete Cookies

10 Quick Fixes to Make your Windows Computer Faster

How to Fix a Cyclic Redundancy Check Error

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error message that appears on the computer screen whenever your PC reads corrupt data. A CRC, basically detects an error in the file that is being read by your PC. This error message commonly occurs when your PC attempts to read data from a damaged storage media, such as a hard disk, CD, or DVD. When data is being transferred to the PC, CRC ensures that data with numerous errors does not reach the specified destination. This is the reason why a corrupted CD does not get copied onto your computer.

Fixing CRC Error

Issues With External Storage Media CD/DVD
Many times, accumulation of dirt on the CD or DVD causes a CRC error. Cleaning this storage media using a soft cloth often solves the problem. A scratched CD or paper labels on the disk can also be an issue. This is because scratches or labels do not allow the disk to burn properly. Partially burnt CDs are especially responsible for causing this error. For extracting information from damaged disks, there are software applications useful in this regard. These are tools that recover data such as lost digital images from corrupted CDs and DVDs.

Hardware Issues
If the CRC error is still displayed even after running a cleaned disk, then most probably the problem is with the hardware. You need to check your CD and DVD drives and clean them regularly using a lens cleaner disk. Find out whether these devices are functioning properly. Replacing the CD/DVD reader with a new one might solve the problem.

Software Issues

Incomplete downloads
System crash
Buggy software (applications with plenty of bugs)

In such cases, the system may display messages like 'An invalid Windows file' or 'an invalid win32 application'. But it is actually a CRC error.

Incomplete Downloads
A file that is not properly downloaded from the Web or an interrupted file transfer can also lead to CRC errors. So before you open the file, check whether it has been downloaded completely. You can use a download manager while downloading any file from the Web. A download manager application keeps a track on the downloading process and informs you when it is complete. Or else, you can again attempt to download from the start and check whether it still occurs.

Loose Connections
Defective connections between the computer and the hard drive causes the CRC message to pop up on the screen. For fixing CRC errors related to networking issues, you need to verify all the connections to decode the problem. Sometimes, the connection of a DVD/CD drive is loose that may interfere with the functioning of the devices.

Issues With the Hard Disk
On many occasions, the CRC message is displayed on the screen when the destination (hard drive) has a bad sector. So, even though the DVD/CD is perfectly alright, one may still encounter this error. This happens because the location (hard disk) where you are trying to store the file has a bad sector.

To check whether the location has a bad sector, execute the NUL command on the run command prompt. This command actually reads the content of the file stored on the CD/DVD. For instance, if the DVD drive on your computer is E, and the file nicks.txt in the DVD is stored under the folder tng\audio then the command prompt will look as follows:

C:\>E:

E:\>cd tng\audio

E:\tng\audio>xcopy nicks.txt NUL
1 File(s) copied

Because the destination is not specified, it only reads the file. If the command runs successfully, you will get the outcome as 1 file(s) copied, meaning the file has been read successfully and as such there is no issue with it. This indicates that the hard disk is corrupted due to a bad sector. In such case, the solution is to either change the hard disk or burn the DVD on a different machine altogether.

Repairing the Hard Disk
If you are thinking of repairing the hard disk, you can run hard disk recovery programs such as SpinRite. This software program does two things. Firstly, it retrieves data from a bad sector. Secondly, it marks all the bad sector so that data is never written on it in the future. Another option to remove errors from the hard disk is to execute CHKDSK command. This is a check disk command that identifies the bad sectors and tries to restore readable information.

Running CHKDSK from Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Double click the desktop computer icon. Select the partition of your hard drive that you want to scan. As we all know, letters are often used to name disk partitions. Depending upon the size of your hard disk, it will have two or more partitions. So, if your hard disk has 4 partitions, you will have to run the CHKDSK command on each partition to scan the entire hard disk.

Check Disk


Say, you have chosen the D partition (referred to as the D disk drive) of your hard disk. Right click the D disk drive icon and choose the 'Properties' option.

Check Disk


The properties window will pop up on your computer screen. Click on the Tools tab to view the 'Check Now' button.

Check Disk


Click the 'Check Now' button.

Check Disk


The check disk window has two checkboxes 'Automatically fix file system errors' and 'Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors'. Check-mark both the boxes and click the 'Start' button to ensure that errors that occur while scanning are corrected immediately and data from a bad sector is recovered.

Check Disk


Important Note
The 'C' partition of the hard disk usually contains the operating system files that are running in the background when the computer is in operation. So, if you decide to run the CHKDSK command on the C disk drive, the scanning is unlikely to start. In fact, you will notice a pop-up window that conveys the message "Windows can't check this disk while it's in use". This window pops up if you have installed Windows Vista operating system. The pop up window also has a "Schedule disk check" button. Click on this button and the disk check will be scheduled after you reboot the computer. In other words, you need to switch off the computer properly and start it again to run the CHKDSK command.

Check Disk


Running CHKDSK from the Command Prompt (CMD)

In order to see the command prompt screen, firstly click the Windows 'Start' button. Now, type 'cmd' in the 'Start Search' text box and hit 'Enter' button on your keyboard. You will view the command-line utility. The syntax of CHKDSK command is chkdsk [drive:] [/f] [/r]

Command Prompt


For searching and recovering data from bad sectors and correcting other errors on the 'C' drive of hard disk, type 'chkdsk c:/r' in the command prompt and hit the Enter button. For running the CHKDSK command on other partitions of the disk, substitute 'c' with the letter that denotes the partition of your disk.

Command Prompt


However, if you are not interested in restoring data from the bad sectors and only want to fix errors, then type 'chkdsk c:/f'. This command completely skips the bad sector while scanning the disk.

Command Prompt

How Long to Wait for CHKDSK /r Operation to Complete?

This will depend on the size of your hard disk and the amount of corrupted data. The bigger the hard drive, the longer will be the duration of scan. For instance, a CHKDSK command that is run on a 120 GB capacity hard drive will take around 10 hours to complete. On the other hand, 1 terabyte capacity hard drive full of data may require 30-35 hours to finish the CHKDSK command.

Data Recovery From Corrupted Storage

As aforementioned, popping up of the CRC error when copying a file from an external storage media to the computer (hard drive) is pointing that the CD/DVD has a bad sector. Now, the solution is to retrieve data from the external media storage. For this, you need to go to the command prompt. Use the cd command to change the current working directory to the location where the file is stored. Let's say user\public is the folder in your CD/DVD (which is on E drive) from where the file is to be copied.

C:\>E:

E:\>cd File Location

E:\>cd user\public

The command prompt upon execution looks like E:\user\public> indicating our current working directory is user\public.

Suppose nicks.txt is name of the file in which the data is stored. This file is stored in the location (user/public). Now, we have to transfer data from nicks.txt to another new location (say B:\newfolder). For this you need to use the xcopy command that allow you to copy one or more files from one folder to another.

The syntax is as follows: xcopy source destination

xcopy /c nicks.txt B:\newfolder

So, now the command prompt that will allow to copy data will look like this-> E:\user\public> xcopy /c nicks.txt B:\newfolder

There is a high probability that xcopy command may stop copying files as soon as it reads errors from the source (user/public). To avoid such a situation the "/c" option is also used. It ensures that the xcopy command copies data uninterruptedly from the source.

In case, you want to create a copy all files in the folder user\public then instead of nicks.txt, you need to type *.*.

So, the xcopy command will look like xcopy /c *.* B:\newfolder.

Another option is to directly copy all the content from DVD/CD to a new folder in your computer. The syntax is as follows: xcopy /c E:\files C:\files /s /i

Here the data from the files folder in your E drive (which is the CD/DVD drive of your computer) is copied to a new folder [/i] called files and is located on the C drive. The '/s' option helps to copy all the subdirectories located in E:\files.

Computer Problems and Solutions

If you have a computer or PC, it will surely help in easing most of your problems. But with every computer comes along many headaches and complications, sooner or later. A computer is a machine and every machine breaks down sometime or the other. You do not need to run to the computer technician every time your PC crashes or is attached by a malicious software. If you know some simple solutions to the most common computer problems, it will help you save a lot of time and money. These glitches that can be solved by a common person like you and me in the world of computers.

There are many PC owners who think every time they face a problem with computer, they should contact professional help. True, but not every problem needs to be addressed by a computer expert.

How to Fix Computer Problems?

Problems with computer are divided into two groups, i.e., hardware problems and software problems. The hardware problems are related to the peripheral parts of the computer like the CD drive, hard disk, monitor, keyboard, etc. The software problems are more complicated. These problems include problems like modem problems, Windows not starting, drivers not found, etc. Understand what is causing the glitch and follow the standard procedure to solve the problem. The following are a few common problems and solutions to help you overcome the technical snag.

After Power Outage
Today there are many sudden power outages, voltage problems and spikes that can damage computers. These damages cause many technical and software snags and interrupt your work. This leads to loss of data, damage to the hardware, etc. due to sudden power outage. This is a solution to this trouble is use of uninterrupted power supply (UPS). The UPS can provide a constant flow of energy to the computer, even if you encounter a sudden power outage. This will provide you with ample time to save your data and shut down your PC, if needed.

Computer Performance has Slowed Down
You may notice your computer has slowed down considerably and even a simple command execution takes ages. This is because your computer is loaded with unnecessary files, fragmented data, corrupted registry, spyware programs, services, software, etc. that makes your computer slow down. Thus, you need to manage your programs and delete unnecessary data and software that you do not use or need, clean your registry regularly to help boost at least 30% of your computer performance speed.

No Sound from Speakers
You are in the mood to listen to some groovy music on your PC, but you get no sound from speakers, the solution to is to check the back of the computer and see if all the connectors are properly connected. The speaker or single stereo speaker plug should be put into the socket on the soundcard that has a mark Audio Out.

Computer Monitor Displays Fuzzy Images
A computer monitor is the display unit of the computer that is sensitive to electro-magnetic radiations. These electro-magnetic radiations are transmitted from the TV, radio, microwaves, dishwashers, washing machines, speakers, etc. Mobile phones transmit electro-magnetic radiations that is one of the main cause of monitor displaying fuzzy images. Thus, move away these disturbances away from the monitor and this problem with computer monitor will be fixed.

Computer Freezes with Blue Screen Hijacking Your Display
There are many problems that can cause your computer screen to freeze and blue screen to appear. This screen is called the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD). This may be due to a spyware or computer viruses that have affected your computer. You need to update your anti-spyware and scan your computer for any viruses. If your computer is free from any such malicious software, then you may need to update your hardware drive. A hardware drive that is not updated may cause the CPU to lock up and interrupt working of the computer. If you find the problem cropping up even after a hardware drive update, then you may need to increase computer RAM. When you increase the RAM, the computing power increases and you will also be able to avoid the computer freeze. At times, BSOD may appear due to critical errors in the driver, software or registry problems. Windows may have to repair or reinstall missing components. If you do not find any visible cause, it would be wise to call the computer technician.

Computer Reboots Itself Again and Again
Another common problem with computers. In order to fix the problem of rebooting itself again and again, you will need to check the hardware. You may have a faulty power supply, defective or dirty cooling fan, etc., that may cause the computer to reboot again and again. The dust that accumulates on the fan, makes it heat up faster and in order to cool down the computer automatically switches off. Thus, clean the fan and check for power supply. Following these simple steps will help you to solve these problems with computer.

Computer Makes Strange Noises
Noises and vibrations from your computer are a hardware problem. Many electronic parts can make high pitch noises. You need to switch off your computer and unplug it from the power supply. Now remove the case from the CPU and restart your computer. Locate the origin of noise and then switch off the computer and unplug it. It may be a faulty fan, loose wire or screw. This means you will need to call the computer technician to help you solve your problems with computer, regarding these type of problems.

Windows Having Problems in Shutting Down Properly
You may have come across the message 'Windows Shutting Down' instead of 'It is now safe to switch off you computer'. This is because a program has not unloaded itself properly that makes the computer insist to run a scandisk the next time you switch on. You need to close all the programs before your shut down your PC and if it is not done, the computer waits for the program to close. It may happen you get the message 'Do you want to shut this program down or wait' or you may not. When you don't get such a message it results in what we call the hanging of the operating system. The solution is not to install Direct X whenever you install a game. Most games have their version of Direct X that makes the files out of sync. Thus, install the latest version of Direct X and not the games version. You may need to also check USB devices, task scheduler, virus scanners, etc. and reinstall them if necessary. This will lead to correct installation and the problems with computer may reduce.

Computer Gives Error Messages on Start-up
Many times when you switch on you computer you see error messages on your screen. These messages may appear such as, abclink.xyz missing or damaged - press any key to continue. If you see this message, you need to press keys for about 8 to 10 times, before Windows actually resumes. This happens when you delete a program instead of actually un-installing it. If you wish to get rid of any program, go to Control panel ---> Programs ---> Programs and Features. Here, you will find a list of programs installed on your computer. Select the specific you wish to delete and click on Uninstall. The program will be removed from your system and next time you switch on your PC, you will not get any error messages saying a link is missing.

Low Virtual Memory
Do you keep getting an annoying message that says 'system running low on virtual memory'? If yes, it means your computer is running short of RAM, that is, Random Access Memory. So, to solve this problem, you need to increase the size of your computer memory. Windows 7 users need at least 1 GB of RAM, Windows Vista needs 512 MB of Ram and Windows XP requires minimum 256 MB RAM. Visit your local computer dealer and purchase more memory from him. The dealer may even install the memory for you. This will help you get rid of low virtual memory.

You can avoid these problems if you are aware of the various steps needed for computer maintenance. You should read the manual given with computer before you begin using it. Yes, the manual may sound Greek to you, but it's always better to know the simple precautions to be taken. The troubleshooting is not an easy task. If you do not understand anything or are still apprehensive about these troubleshooting, then it is a better idea to consult a computer technician. You have many articles on the Internet that help you find solutions to various problems with computer. You do not need to be genius to diagnose and troubleshoot a simple problem. Many times a bit of presence of mind and common sense will help you overcome obstacles of the technical world.

ram random access memory definition

Stands for "Random Access Memory," and is pronounced like the male sheep. RAM is made up of small memory chips that form a memory module. These modules are installed in the RAM slots on the motherboard of your computer.

RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn the computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on again, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard disk.